For last week’s practice question, we quizzed test takers on which medications are needed. you all did great, since 81% of respondents chose the best answer. We want to share this important information, so you can pass it on to people living with diabetes and your colleagues, plus prepare for exam success!
Before we start though, if you don’t want any spoilers and haven’t tried the question yet, you can answer below: Answer Question
Question: LS is 43 with type 2 diabetes, with an A1C of 8.8%, UACR is 32 mg/g, GFR is 48, and blood pressure is 146/84 or greater on 2 different occasions. Current medications include metformin 1000mg BID, lovastatin 20mg, glipizide 20mg.
Based on the ADA standards of care, in addition to lifestyle encouragement, adding which medications would most improve outcomes?
Answer Choices:
As shown above, the most common choice was option 4, the second most common answer was option 1, then option 2, and then finally option 3.
Answer 1 is incorrect. 7.61% chose this answer, “GLP-1 RA and low dose aspirin.” Since LS is under the age of 50 and their CV risk status isn’t revealed in this case study, we don’t have enough information to start LS on aspirin. We could consider adding a GLP-1 RA, since it is known to lower glucose, decrease CV risk and offer some renal protection. However, since one part of the answer is wrong, the whole answer is wrong, even though adding a GLP-1 to LS’s plan would be helpful.
Answer 2 is incorrect. 6.58% of you chose this answer, “ACE and ARB for blood pressure management.” LS does have hypertension and elevated albumin levels and is not taking any medication for blood pressure. Given those two risk factors, LS needs to take EITHER an ACE Inhibitor or ARB for blood pressure management, but NOT both. We would recommend starting LS on an ACE or ARB first and adjusting the dose based on home blood pressure reading. If LS needs an additional blood pressure medication, we could add a diuretic, calcium channel blocker or beta-blocker, or another agent. See our Hypertension & Lipids, Cheat Sheet for more info.
Answer 3 is incorrect. 4.94% of respondents chose this answer, “Basal insulin and a diuretic.” With an A1c of 8.8%, LS isn’t quite ready for insulin since there are 2 other medications we could try first (SGLT-2 or GLP-1) to get glucose to goal. The ADS Standards recommend trying a GLP-1 before basal insulin if possible to avoid the risk of hypoglycemia and to decrease weight gain. In addition, because LS has hypertension and albuminuria, a diuretic would not be the medication of choice to lower blood pressure. The preferred medications for blood pressure in the presence of albuminuria include either an ACE or ARB.
Finally, Answer 4 is correct. 80.86% chose this answer, “SGLT-2 and ACE or ARB.” GREAT JOB! Most of you chose this BEST answer. In the presence of hyperglycemia, albuminuria, and diminishing renal function, adding a SGLT-2 Inhibitor is the best choice based on ADA Standards. SGLT-2s have been shown to not only lower glucose and protect kidneys, they can also lower blood pressure due to their “glucoretic” properties. To manage LS’s hypertension, the preferred medications for blood pressure in the presence of albuminuria include either an ACE or ARB.
We hope you appreciate this week’s rationale! For more information on this topic, check out the ADA Standards of Care. Or, join our 3 day DiabetesEd Specialist Virtual Conference next week. It’s not to late to register!
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