Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) are now recognized as high-risk health conditions for people living with diabetes.
Two out of three individuals with type 2 diabetes are affected by liver steatosis.¹ In May 2025, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) published a consensus report, which emphasized recommendations for early diagnosis, long-term monitoring, and highlighted lifestyle interventions as critical in preventing progression to cirrhosis.¹
In the past year, two medications have been approved for the treatment of MASH; however, lifestyle change remains at the foundation of treatment. These changes focus on improving dietary quality, increasing physical activity, promoting weight loss, and reducing sedentary behaviors.
Nutrition Therapy Approaches
Nutrition therapy, ideally guided by a registered dietitian nutritionist and reinforced by the entire diabetes care team, needs to be individualized to each person’s social, cultural, and financial needs.¹ Ivancovsky Wajcman et al. ² published a fascinating review of different country’s MASLD management guidelines summarizing recommended lifestyle interventions, their findings indicated many similarities with only a few differences.
Most groups recommended evidence-based eating patterns with the following themes:
- High in fiber and focused on whole food consumption, while reducing saturated fat, added sugars, and ultra-processed foods.¹
- Reduction of commercially produced fructose consumption was recommended as high fructose intake has been associated with greater fibrosis severity, independent of total calorie intake.
- A few guidelines specifically called out reduction/avoidance of regular soda consumption emphasizing that consuming more than four servings of regular sodas per week was associated with a 45% higher risk of developing MASLD. ³
- In contrast, coffee consumption, whether caffeinated or not, has been shown in meta-analyses to reduce MASLD risk when intake exceeds three cups per day. Guidelines suggested consumption of greater than 2-3 cups per day. (Can I get a whoot for my daily coffee habit).
- Similar to the ADA Standards of Care for diabetes management, focusing on shifting towards water consumption and reducing the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages has shown improved outcomes.
Other Recommended Eating Patterns & Physical Activity
The Mediterranean diet eating pattern is recommended in the MASLD/MASH ADA consensus report as well as the EASL–EASD–EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines ¹,²,³ due to its relationship with improving diet quality and evidence of hepatic and cardiovascular health benefits, even without weight loss.
Other dietary patterns, such as the low-fat, low-carbohydrate, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, high protein, meal replacement, and intermittent fasting, have also been shown to be comparable strategies to improve steatosis due to weight loss.¹
In people with overweight and obesity, the magnitude of weight loss has been associated with improving glycemic management, insulin sensitivity, as well as histological improvements in MASH.¹
Weight reduction over 5% has been associated with reduced steatosis, and greater weight loss of 7-10% has been shown to reverse steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis.¹,²,³ However, it is recognized that achieving long-term weight reduction may be challenging.³
Avoidance of alcohol is recommended for individuals with moderate fibrosis, as even modest use may aggravate injury.
Physical Activity, Stress Reduction & Sleep
Physical activity, including aerobic and resistance training, has independent effects beyond weight loss: decreasing intrahepatic fat, improving cardiovascular risk, improving insulin sensitivity, and supporting weight‐loss maintenance. Guidelines generally recommend greater than or equal to 150 minutes per week of moderate intensity (or equivalent) and resistance activities 2-3 times per week, with greater benefit when increasing activity.
However, reducing sedentary time and breaking up prolonged sitting bouts can be effective ways to reach this goal.¹,³ Emerging evidence highlights the importance of stress reduction, adequate sleep and treatment of sleep apnea, and management of comorbidities such as dyslipidemia and hypertension, due to their impact on liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis.¹,²
FDA-Approved Medications
Until recently, there were no FDA-approved medications specifically for MASH; treatment was either off-label or targeted at comorbidities such as weight reduction or lipid and glycemic management. However, in the past 2 years, two different medications have been released to address MASH. In March 2024, the FDA approved resmetirom (brand name Rezdiffra) for adults with noncirrhotic MASH to be prescribed in conjunction with lifestyle therapy. 4 In August 2025, the FDA approved semaglutide (brand name Wegovy) for the treatment of MASH and moderate to advanced liver fibrosis. 5
MASLD and MASH
MASLD and MASH are high-risk health conditions for people with diabetes, with approximately 10-30% progressing to advanced liver disease, including cirrhosis.³ While new FDA-approved medications such as resmetirom and semaglutide offer promising options, lifestyle modification remains a cornerstone treatment.
As diabetes healthcare professionals, we are uniquely positioned to implement evidence-based strategies into the individualized care plan.
We can screen, educate, and empower individuals living with diabetes to take proactive steps that protect liver health, improve metabolic outcomes, and prevent progression to cirrhosis. Through nutrition and lifestyle therapy, pharmacotherapy, and incorporating broad strategies into DSMES services (¹) we can strengthen prevention and outcomes.
References
- Cusi K, Abdelmalek MF, Apovian CM, et al. Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in people with diabetes: the need for screening and early intervention. A consensus report of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care.
2025;48(7):1057-1082. doi:10.2337/dci24-0094 - Ivancovsky Wajcman D, Byrne CJ, Dillon JF, et al. A narrative review of lifestyle management guidelines for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Hepatology. Published online August 15, 2024.doi:10.1097/HEP.0000000000001058
- Tacke F, et al. EASL–EASD–EASO clinical practice guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). J Hepatol. 2024;81(3):492-542.doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2024.05.010
- US Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves first treatment for patients with liver scarring due to fatty liver disease. Published March 14, 2024. Accessed September 19, 2025. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-treatment-patients-liver-scarring-due-fatty-liver-disease
- US Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves treatment for serious liver disease known
as “MASH.” Published March 14, 2024. Accessed September 19, 2025. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/news-events-human-drugs/fda-approves-treatment-serious-liver-disease-known-mash
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Join us live in San Diego October 22nd – 23rd, 2025 for our upcoming
DiabetesEd Training Seminar
30+ CEs with Expanded Accreditation!
Join our expert team for engaging, interactive sessions that bring the ADA Standards of Care to life—covering medications, behavior change, technology, and more. Ideal for CDCES or BC-ADM exam prep, this course also includes a 4-hour Virtual Medical Nutrition Therapy Toolkit (taught by blog author, Christine Craig, MS, RD, CDCES) and bonus content that also meets CDCES renewal requirements. See DiabetesEd Training Schedule Here >>
Program Objectives:
Upon completion of this activity, participants should be able to:
- Describe the current ADA Standards for diagnosis, goals, and person-centered diabetes management across the lifespan.
- Demonstrate insulin pattern management and dosing strategies in clinical scenarios.
- Implement timely screening and risk reduction strategies for microvascular and cardiovascular complications.
- Incorporate behavior change techniques and medical nutrition therapy to support people with diabetes self-management and lifestyle adjustment.
Expert Faculty:
Diana Isaacs, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP, CDCES, BC-ADM, FADCES, FCCPCES
Beverly Thomassian, RN, MPH, CDCES, BC-ADM
Faculty Bios & Disclosures
Our expert team transforms complex diabetes science into clear, practical insights—keeping it real, engaging, and fun!
Program Faculty Disclosures:
Partners for Advancing Clinical Education (Partners) requires every individual in a position to control educational content to disclose all financial relationships with ineligible companies that have occurred within the past 24 months. Ineligible companies are organizations whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients.
All relevant financial relationships for anyone with the ability to control the content of this educational activity are listed below and have been mitigated according to Partners policies. Others involved in the planning of this activity have no relevant financial relationships.
Faculy Bios & Disclosures:
Coach Beverly Thomassian RN, MPH, CDCES, BC-ADM – CEO of DiabetesEd ServicesDisclosures:
Beverly Thomassian has no financial disclosures
Bio:
Diana Isaacs, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP, CDCES, BC-ADM, FADCES, FCCPCES
Disclosures:
Dr. Diana Isaacs has the following relevant financial relationships:
- Consultant, advisor, and speaker for Abbot Labratories, Dexcom, Medtronic, Insulet, Lilly, Cequr, Sanofi, and Undermyfork
- Board member at Association for Diabetes Care and Education Specialists
Bio:
Diana Isaacs was awarded 2020 ADCES Diabetes Educator of the Year for her educational platform promoting the use of CGM for people with diabetes and other innovations. She serves in leadership roles for several pharmacies and diabetes organizations. She has numerous diabetes publications and research projects with a focus on medications, CGM and diabetes technology.
For the past three year, Dr. Isaacs has served as a contributing author for the 2023 ADA Standards of Care.
As the Program Coordinator and clinical pharmacist specialist in the Cleveland Clinic Diabetes Center, Dr. Isaacs brings a wealth of clinical knowledge combined with extensive research and speaking experience to this program.
Expanded Accreditation
Activity Start and End Date: 10/22/25 – 10/23/2025
Estimated time to complete the activity: 15 hours and 30 minutes
_____________________________________
Jointly provided by Partners for Advancing Clinical Education and Diabetes Education Services
Joint Accreditation Statement:
In support of improving patient care, this activity has been planned and implemented by Partners for Advancing Clinical Education (Partners) and Diabetes Education Services. Partners is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team.
Physician Continuing Education:
Partners designates this enduring material for a maximum of 15.50 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Nursing Continuing Professional Development:
The maximum number of hours awarded for this Nursing Continuing Professional Development activity is 15.50 contact hours.
Pharmacy Continuing Education:
Partners designates this continuing education activity for 15.50 contact hour(s) (1.550 CEUs) of the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education.
(Universal Activity Number – JA4008073-9999-25-206-L01-P)
Type of Activity: Application
For Pharmacists: Upon successfully completing the activity evaluation form, transcript information will be sent to the NABP CPE Monitor Service within 4 weeks.
Dietitian Continuing Education:
This program offers 15.50 CPEUs for dietitians.
Interprofessional Continuing Education:
This activity was planned by and for the healthcare team, and learners will receive 15.50 Interprofessional Continuing Education (IPCE) credit for learning and change.
For additional information about the accreditation of this activity, please visit https://partnersed.com.
The use of DES products does not guarantee the successful passage of the certification exam. CBDCE and ADCES do not endorse any preparatory or review materials for the CDCES or BC-ADM exams, except for those published by CBDCE & ADCES.
