Other Recommended Eating Patterns & Physical Activity
The Mediterranean diet eating pattern is recommended in the MASLD/MASH ADA consensus report as well as the EASL–EASD–EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines ¹,²,³ due to its relationship with improving diet quality and evidence of hepatic and cardiovascular health benefits, even without weight loss.
Other dietary patterns, such as the low-fat, low-carbohydrate, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, high protein, meal replacement, and intermittent fasting, have also been shown to be comparable strategies to improve steatosis due to weight loss.¹
In people with overweight and obesity, the magnitude of weight loss has been associated with improving glycemic management, insulin sensitivity, as well as histological improvements in MASH.¹
Weight reduction over 5% has been associated with reduced steatosis, and greater weight loss of 7-10% has been shown to reverse steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis.¹,²,³ However, it is recognized that achieving long-term weight reduction may be challenging.³
Avoidance of alcohol is recommended for individuals with moderate fibrosis, as even modest use may aggravate injury.
Physical Activity, Stress Reduction & Sleep
Physical activity, including aerobic and resistance training, has independent effects beyond weight loss: decreasing intrahepatic fat, improving cardiovascular risk, improving insulin sensitivity, and supporting weight‐loss maintenance. Guidelines generally recommend greater than or equal to 150 minutes per week of moderate intensity (or equivalent) and resistance activities 2-3 times per week, with greater benefit when increasing activity.
However, reducing sedentary time and breaking up prolonged sitting bouts can be effective ways to reach this goal.¹,³ Emerging evidence highlights the importance of stress reduction, adequate sleep and treatment of sleep apnea, and management of comorbidities such as dyslipidemia and hypertension, due to their impact on liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis.¹,²